A topic that remains fiercely debated [Collocation – =highly controversial: được tranh cãi rất gay gắt] in terms of politics and scientific research is innovation. Innovation is often torn in dispute [Expression – nghĩa tương tự như fiercely debated] between whether it serves financial and economic benefits or should be redirected [=switch direction/ switch purpose: thay đổi, rẽ hướng] towards tackling [=dealing with/ solving: giải quyết, xử lí] dilemmas [=difficult issues/ problems: vấn đề nan giải, khó khăn] regarding society and the environment. Personally, it is evident that neither side of the argument possesses more precedence [=take more priority: có nhiều sự ưu tiên hơn] and the merits of both will be discussed in detail in the following essay.

On the one hand, there are two main factors supporting the economic drive behind innovations. For one – (to introduce the first idea), it is argued that economic value [Collocation – giá trị kinh tế] generated from innovations directly benefits the lives of citizens. To elucidate – (to go more in-depth into an idea), monetary motivation [Collocation – động lực về tiền] incentivized [=motivates/ encourages/ incentivize: thúc đẩy, khuyến khích] the creation of innovative reforms [Collocation – những sự thay đổi mang tính mới mẻ, đột phá] such as technological breakthroughs or more favorable policies that underlie economic proliferation [Collocation – sự phát triển mạnh của nền kinh tế]. The first to enjoy such prosperity [=wealthiness: sự thịnh vượng, giàu có] are the people whose living standard, disposable income [Collocation – thu nhập sau khi đóng thuế] and access to social services will be massively upscaled [=increased/ go up in size: tăng, to ra] from a more well-off [=wealthy: giàu có] economy. Furthermore, it can also be reasoned that economic power is the culprit [=source/ reason/ origin: cội nguồn, nguyên nhân] for solving societal and environmental problems. After all – (to explain something), innovating in sectors like education, healthcare, social welfare and environment control requires a lot of financial investment, in other words, a wealthy economy. This ultimately proves the inevitable need [Collocation – sự cần thiết, thiết yếu là một điều không tránh khỏi] of innovations to be lucrative [=profitable: sinh lợi nhuận tốt].

On the other hand, it is critical that the ramifications [=consequences: hệ quả] of profit-driven change [Collocation – sự thay đổi vì lợi nhuận] be scrutinized [=inspected/ examined: xem xét kỹ] – (structure: to be necessary/ important that something be done). Realistically – (to give a real world case example, evidence), economic motivations often eschew [=ignore/ neglect: bỏ qua] any consideration for human well-being [Collocation – sự hạnh phúc, khỏe mạnh của con người]. Many modern-day economies, particularly in capitalist and underdeveloped ones – (examples), exemplify this situation perfectly, where a  – (relative clause to expand a sentence) fixation on [Collocation – =obsession over something: ám ảnh về cái gì đó] numerical growth and exponential profit has widened wealth discrepancy [Collocation – sự phân chia giàu nghèo] and fostered discrimination between the lower and upper social classes. In the same light – (to give further details with the same logic), industrialization originating from economic greed [Collocation – Sự tham lam về kinh tế] pushes the natural environment to the brink of destruction [Expression – bờ vực diệt vong], seen through – (to give example cases) invasive land usage [Collocation – sử dụng đất một cách xâm chiếm], unsustainable exploitation and a lack of any proper preservative measures [Collocation – Các biện pháp ngăn chặn]. As a result, there is no question that the purpose of research and innovation should be redirected towards the resolution [=tackling: xử lí, giải quyết] of these admittedly [mang tính thừa nhận, công nhận] more dire issues [Collocation – vấn đề nan giải].

In conclusion, while both sides pose undoubtedly strong arguments, I feel that neither has to be exclusive. Ideally, motives to innovate the world can be gracefully divided between both causes.