Despite the incredible opportunities and conveniences brought about [: đem lại bởi] by metropolitan life [một cách paraphrase lại city life], there remain a few flaring shortcomings [glaring = obvious/ blatant/ clear; shortcomings = drawback/ disadvantages => tồn đọng những hạn chế rất rõ ràng] of inhabiting a large city, namely in regards to [=in relation to/ in terms of] pollution, health and living standard. To elaborate, the most obvious [=blatant/ glaring] issue displayed in metropolises is the contaminated environment [collocation, nghĩa là môi trường ô nhiệm, contaminated = tainted/ poison/ polluted], often caused by the very act of living in and building the city. Firstly, travelling around necessitates [= force/compel something = make something necessary; ở đây là khiến việc use of excessive use of automobiles trở nên cần thiết] the excessive use [sử dụng quá mức] of automobiles, which leads to degrading air quality via emission of harmful exhaust [collocation – chỉ các khí thải độc hại]. Secondly, constant construction and endless commercial activities creates a backdrop of incessant [=endless/ non-stop: không ngừng nghỉ] noise and light. All of which contribute to making city settlement [paraphrase city life] an insufferable experience [collocation – nghĩa là một trải nghiệm không chịu đựng nổi]. Another problem with urban life [paraphrase city life] is the serious threat to human wellbeing [collocation – chỉ sự khỏe mạnh và sự hạnh phúc, thỏa mãn của con người]. Besides the health hazard directly caused by the aforementioned [đã nhắc tới ở bên trên] pollution, one major aspect that plagues [=cause constant issue, problems] the metropolis is water sanitation [=water safety – độ sạch, an toàn của nước]. Especially in high-population [đông dân cư] cities like Hanoi, water is usually unfit for long-term consumption due to the chlorine content and earth residue. Lastly, the cost of living in most urban areas can be rather dismissive [= not worth consideration/ out of question] to many people. Indeed, sustaining settlement in the city [một cách khác để paraphrase city life] with rising housing prices and high cost of commercialized goods and services is potentially prohibitive [= too expensive/ unaffordable] to certain groups of people.